3. what reason does socrates give euthyphro for wanting to become his pupil?

Daedalus was famous as an builder also every bit a sculptor and did his nigh impressive work for King Minos, Μίνως, of Crete. His greatest works were all the event of an human action of impiety by Minos, who had requested a bull from Poseidon to sacrifice to him but then, when Poseidon provided the bull, decided to continue it instead. The revenge of Poseidon took a very odd form. He caused the Queen, Pasiphaë, Πασιφάη, to excogitate an unnatural carnal desire for the bull! Since the balderdash wasn't interested, she got Daedalus to build a model of a cow that would attract the balderdash but that she could hide in and employ to accept intercourse. This worked, and Pasiphaë actually conceived a child past the balderdash. This turned out to be a ferocious monster, with the torso of a human just the head of a balderdash: the Minotaur, Μινώταυρος (ironically, the "bull of Minos"). Minos then asked Daedalus to build a prison for the creature. Daedalus congenital a great maze, known as the "Labyrinth," Λαβύρινθος, Labýrinthos.

This appears to have been the real proper name of a real identify. In 1900 Sir Arthur Evans discovered a great palace at Knossos, Κνωσός, on Crete -- so large that it would accept seemed maze-like to unsophisticated visitors from the mainland. This was part of the neat pre-Greek "Minoan" civilization in the Aegean. Their language, written in an undeciphered hieroglyphic form and in the syllabic Linear A, has been tentatively identified with Luvian, an Indo-European language spoken in Asia Minor [cf. David Abulafia, The Great Ocean, A Man History of the Mediterranean, Oxford, 2011, p.27]. A version of the script, Linear B, was used to write the Greek of the Mycenaeans, who inherited and perpetuated much of Minoan civilization. A derivative syllabary connected to be used to write Greek on Republic of cyprus.

After it was unearthed, the civilization of Crete was presently identified with 1 known to the Egyptians. Traders from , who announced in Egyptian tombs, habiliment costume that and then was found in images at Knossos and other Aegaean sites. So the identification with the Egyptian references was certain. More intriguing is that the Egyptian word manifestly also occurs in Hebrew, as , Caphtôr. In the Book of Amos, 9:seven, God says that he brought "the Philistines from Caphtor" [The Interlinear NIV Hebrew-English Old Testament, John R. Kohlenberger Three, Zondervan Publishing House, M Rapids, Michigan, 1987, p.521]. If the Philistines indeed came from Crete, this confirms the growing understanding that the Philistines were in fact Mycenaean Greeks, some of whom were fifty-fifty accepted into Israel as the Tribe of Dan, who and then get their name from the Homeric Δαναοί, Danaoí, i.e. Greeks.

A great volcanic explosion on the island of Thera, perhaps around 1500 BC, which sent ash every bit far away as Egypt, damaged some of the centers of the civilization; but it is less clear why the Cretan sites, similar Knossos, were burned and abandoned after, around 1450.

Inthos is a suffix that does non occur in Greek words proper. Information technology is found in pre-Greek place names -- like the name of the city of Corinth, Κόρινθος (Doric Ϙόρινθος, with the "Q" otherwise lost in Greek).

Λάβρυς, Lábrys, is known from the not-Greek languages of Asia Minor, like Lydian, as the word for a double-bladed axe -- simply the kind of axe often pictured in the palace at Knossos, in fact frequently as a kind of postage or graffito on blocks in the walls -- which also tends to support the identification of the language of Linear A with those languages. Λαβύρινθος, Labyrinthos thus may simply mean "the place of the double-bladed axe." What the palace was was confusedly remembered, like Troy, long afterward the real place was buried and lost.

The bodily Greek discussion for a douple bladed axe was πέλεκυς, pélekys. This name became fatefully attached to the Varangian Guard, which after 989 AD was the elite corps and Life Baby-sit of the Mediaeval Roman Emperors, and who thus, armed with axes, were called the πέλεκοφόροι, pelekophóroi, the "axe bearers." By those days, however, the πέλεκυς simply meant a battle-axe, non necessarily a double-bladed one; and the images we see of the Guardsmen bear witness them with impressive axes, with handles up to six feet long, but only unmarried bladed -- the kind of axe previously called ἡμιπέλεκκον, hêmipélekkon, i.eastward. "half-axe" (compare ἡμίονος, hêmíonos, "mule," literally "half-donkey," whose equivalent in English ways something else).

The destruction of Mycenaean civilization in the Aegean, the Doric invasion which reached beyond to Crete itself and Rhodes, the appearance of a derivative of Linear B in Republic of cyprus, and the descent of Greeks in Palestine were all part of a vast movement of peoples at that fourth dimension that erased old Empires, such as the Hittites and Mitanni, and troubled the Egyptians with several waves of invasion by the "Body of water Peoples" and so the Libyans. One of the last great moments of Egyptian military might was when Ramesses Three of the XX Dynasty (early twelfth century BC) repulsed these invasions. This era, which ushered in the Greek Dark Ages, troubled or annihilated all these sometime Empires, and apparently involved a vast Völkerwanderung of migrating peoples, begins to look like the afterward, more famous, and better documented Dark Ages of the 4th and later centuries Advertizement, when the Huns bounced across Central Asia and Germans overran the Western Roman Empire.

Now information technology is first to look like there was a similar natural cause for both sets of events, a climatic cooling of the proposed "Bail Cycle," 1,470 � 500 years, named after geologist Gerard Clark Bond (1940�2005). The cooling that subsequently would occur in the Footling Ice Age, beginning in the 14th century, which also affected Ming Dynasty China, however, does not seem to fit with the periodicity of this bike. What does, on the other hand, are the events at the end of the Erstwhile Kingdom in Egypt. We know from Egyptian records that bad things were happening in the First Intermediate Period. The references are vague plenty that they don't give us much of a picture of exactly what was going on; merely from the geological record information technology looks like the Faiyum, a vast lake in a depression fed by the Nile, dried upwards, so the element of climate change is evident. Nosotros are given no weather data for the Greek Dark Ages by ancient sources, just we are, by the historian Procopius, for the cooling of the 6th century Advertizement. It would be remarkable if the distruptions of the Showtime Intermediate Period, the Greek Dark Ages, and the Mediaeval Dark Ages can all be linked by comparable forms of climate change.

In the Labyrinth the Minotaur needed feeding. Minos required that Athens ship seven youths and seven maidens every yr to feed it (not different the sacrifice to the Capitol demanded in The Hunger Games books by Suzanne Collins -- although neither the books nor the 2012 movie describe any parallel with the tribute to the Minotaur). To finish this, Theseus, the son of the King of Athens, volunteered to go and kill the animate being. Once there, he befriended Ariadne, daughter of Minos. She agreed to help him and provided a ball of thread so that, paying it out backside him, if he killed the Minotaur, he could discover his way dorsum out. He did kill the Minotaur, and then he and Ariadne fled back to Athens. Some versions of the story are that he abandoned her on the manner (to be found by the god Dionysus), but the Odyssey itself says that she was slain by the goddess Artemis on the island of Dia. In whatever instance, on his mode habitation Theseus forgot an agreement with his father to hoist white sails if he had survived. When the King saw the ordinary blackness sails instead, he committed suicide out of grief. Theseus thus returned to become King of Athens. Afterwards the Athenians kept a ship on display that they claimed was Theseus'south ship. During the Hellenistic Period it was realized that the replacement of rotting planks had, over time, resulted in every scrap of wood in the ship beingness replaced -- and then philosophers began arguing whether it was actually notwithstanding the same ship!

What Daedalus was the well-nigh famous for, however, was what happened when Minos became angry with him for all the same goings-on and he fled from Crete with his son Icarus, Ἴκαρος. Daedalus fabricated wings for the two of them, with feathers set up in wax. This worked, but then Icarus was so exhilarated with flight that he flew higher and college. Today nosotros would fearfulness hypoxemia (lack of oxygen) from this, just what happened to the mythic Icarus was that he flew likewise close to the sun, the wax melted in his wings, the feathers vicious out, and he brutal to is decease. Icarus falling from the sky is still ane of the most hitting images from Greek mythology.

Philosophy of History

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Source: https://www.friesian.com/euthyph.htm

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